PLAN TO GROW MUSHROOMS ON FRESH BANANA GROUNDS

PREPARING MUSHROOM GROWING SUPPLIES

1.Prepare the mushroom growing house

Area: about 100m2, corrugated iron roof, surrounded by black mesh, with doors to open and close to access and adjust light and ventilation when needed.
Indoor area divided in half: ½ growing mushrooms on a trellis; ½ growing mushrooms on hanging bags
Truss material: Put the mold in the truss so that it is convenient to travel, take care of mushrooms and save space. truss size: 0.4m wide, 30cm high on both sides; The floors are about 60cm apart, the floor is in the form of holes to create ventilation
Preparing instruments:
– Hygrometer: measure humidity: 1 pcs

– Litmus paper: pH measurement: 1 roll

– Thermometer: measuring temperature: 1 pcs

– Watch scale: 1 piece

– Mist bottle: 1 pcs

– Shower cord: 1 pcs

– Plastic basket or tray with size 30 x 40 cm: 2-3 pcs

– Orchid net (Black net): 200m

– Plastic bag size 19 x 35cm: 5kg (130pcs/1kg)

– Nylon rope: 1kg

– Elastic band: 0.5kg

– Shredded dried banana leaves or clean dry straw to make tissue (steamed at 100oC for 10 minutes to sterilize)

Ingredient:
– Fresh banana pulp: 1 ton.

– Dried banana pulp not mashed: 50kg

– Crushed dried banana pulp: 50kg

– Lime powder 7-10kg

– Straw mushroom: Buy 15 kg (12-15 kg / 1 ton of raw materials. Price 26,000 VND / 1 kg at the Center for edible and medicinal mushrooms – Agriculture Academy, Buffalo Anemone, Gia Lam, Hanoi)

– Clam oyster mushroom: Buy 2-3 kg (12-15kg/1 ton of raw materials. 50kg of raw material need to buy 0.75kg of oyster mushroom seed, price 26,000d/1kg)

CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES

1. How to brew banana pulp

Before incubation, it is necessary to treat lime water for the purpose of disinfecting and killing impurities, creating a pH of 6.5 – 7.

Incubation time 5-6 days

1.1. Dried banana pulp

Cut banana pulp into small pieces first (about 5-10cm) then proceed to incubate lime juice. Raw materials are dipped in 3% lime water, (mixed with 3 kg lime per 100 liters of water). Soak just enough. Time to soak in lime water for 20-30 minutes, then take it out, drain the water, and pile it up. Need to stomp lightly, take nylon, straw or banana leaves around to keep moisture and keep heat.

Note: If it is crushed dried banana pulp like sawdust, do not need to soak it but sprinkle with 3% lime water to make it wet enough when holding the ingredients in the palm of your hand, the water is slightly melted through the fingers.

After piling up, return the material once every 2-3 days. If it is too wet, reduce the outer cover. If it is dry, it is necessary to add 3% lime water to water just enough.

On the 5-6th day check the compost pile again. Feeling wet enough, when holding the ingredients in the palm of your hand, the water runs a little through your fingers.

Raw materials that are qualified to grow mushrooms must meet the requirements: soft, bright yellow, characteristic aroma when fermenting.

Fresh banana pulp
Check the banana residue moisture, if it is 70-75%, it is okay, if not, use 3% lime water to spray evenly so that the pH in the banana residue reaches 7 -7.5. If the wet residue is > 75%, the pH is below 7, then mix the lime powder and stir the banana pulp. After piling 2-3 days, turn the residue once, on the 6th day, check the humidity and pH again to adjust to the standard (humidity 70-75%, PH 7-7.5).

Antiseptic:
Floors and mushroom growing tools must be disinfected 2-3 days before starting work:

Directly sprinkle powdered lime on the floor, or you can mix 3% lime water and spray it on the floor and surfaces of truss molds and mushroom growing tools.

How to grow straw mushrooms
Method 1: Growing straw mushrooms on a truss

Step 1: Put banana pulp tissue on the truss mold, transplant the seed fungus

Banana residue after incubation is spread on a 10-12 cm thick truss mold. Transplant a layer of mei like the surrounding border, 6-7 cm from the edge of the mold. Continue to do so for 3 layers. The top layer spreads evenly over the surface of the fungus. After each layer of seed meow is transplanted, press firmly with your hand, especially around the tissue pile. After the tissue is finished, it is necessary to cover a layer of tissue (4th layer) with a thin layer of straw or sterilized banana leaves to keep the surface moist.

Step 2: Take care of the mushroom tissue

Suitable humidity: 70-75%
When examining fungal tissue, pull out a handful of pulp in the middle of the bed, squeeze it tightly in the palm of your hand, the water runs through the fingers.

If the water does not flow through the fingers, it is dry, must be watered. If you see water flowing through your fingers into drops, it is excess water, you must stop watering and that day you must remove the tissue to allow the water to evaporate. During the rainy season, it is necessary to make a roof after removing the shirt.

Adjust temperature by watering and covering:
+ When testing the fungal tissue, it is found that the temperature increases, the tissue lacks water, it is necessary to use a shower to water the fungal tissue gently. Avoid using strong water taps, which will damage the filaments and tiny fungi. If the fungal tissue only increases in temperature without water loss, the wet tissue must be reduced instead of the dry tissue to reduce heat and dissipate heat.

+ When testing the fungal tissue, the temperature is reduced, the tissue is cold: Stop watering, remove the tissue shirt, sunshade… to help the tissue absorb more light. If it is the rainy season, it is necessary to use nylon, agricultural mulch (cover the black side on top) to keep the mushroom tissue warm and increase the internal temperature.

Tissue island:
After the fungal tissue has been deposited for 5-8 days, remove the tissue coat, shake it up and cover it again. It is necessary to turn the tissue coat to avoid the spread of the mycelium, not to create a fungus.

With straw mushrooms in bags, growers need to observe the characteristics of the mushroom growth environment such as space, humidity, and temperature. Always keep the environment at a temperature of 32-35o C. tissue humidity from 70-75%, saturated air humidity from 90-100%.

Note: It is recommended to use a shower or spray bottle as a mist. Water used for irrigation must be clean, free from impurities. Depending on the humidity of the space and the bag of mushrooms, how many times a day should be watered.

Step 5: Harvest mushrooms

After incubation for 10-14 days, mushrooms can be harvested. Mushrooms bloom from 12-15 days, then about 7-8 days, the second phase can be harvested in 3 to 4 days. the end of the mushroom growing season (lasting from 25-30 days). On the day of mushroom picking, mushrooms can be collected in the early morning before 6 am and in the afternoon time from 14-15 pm.

When choosing to pick mushrooms, it is important to pay attention to choose plants with buds, slightly pointed ends. When picking, do not leave the mushroom feet, because the remaining mushrooms will rot and damage the young mushroom sprouts next to them.